Phanerochaete affinis (Burt) Parmasto
no common name
Phanerochaetaceae

Species account author: Ian Gibson.
Extracted from Matchmaker: Mushrooms of the Pacific Northwest.

Introduction to the Macrofungi

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Map

E-Flora BC Static Map

Distribution of Phanerochaete affinis
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Species Information

Summary:
Features include 1) resupinate growth on wood, 2) ochraceous fruitbodies, often with a grayish or even pink or orange tint, (often becoming red in 2% KOH), uneven to tuberculate or with radial ridges, the margin abrupt, concolorous or paler, varying but mostly fringed to fibrillose, and occasionally with rhizomorphs, the subiculum paler than the spore-bearing surface, 3) spores that are elliptic, smooth, inamyloid, and colorless, with droplets, 4) cystidia that are numerous, most embedded but some projecting, narrowly cylindric with acute apex, encrusted in the apical half, and thin-walled to somewhat thick-walled and 5) a monomitic hyphal system, the hyphae without clamp connections, except in the subiculum where scattered clamp connections occur, sometimes 2 at a single septum. The description is derived from that of Phanerochaete laevis (Pers.: Fr.) Erikss. & Ryvarden for which Burdsall(5) and Breitenbach(2) give Phanerochaete affinis (Burt) Parmasto as a synonym.
Microscopic:
SPORES 4.5-6(7.5) x 2.5(3.5) microns, elliptic, smooth, inamyloid, colorless, with droplets; BASIDIA 4-spored, 30-38 x 4.5 microns, narrowly clavate, without basal clamp connection; CYSTIDIA: lamprocystidia cylindric, "pointed, thick-walled, strongly incrusted but some smooth apically, thin-walled and smooth when young", 40-75 x 4-7.5 microns; HYPHAE monomitic, 3-6 microns wide, thin-walled to thick-walled, without clamp connections, but hyphae of subiculum thin-walled and scattered septa with clamp connections, (Breitenbach), SPORES 4.5-6 x 2.5 microns, narrowly elliptic, smooth, inamyloid, acyanophilic, thin-walled, with one or more oil droplets; BASIDIA 4-spored, 25-35 x 4-5 microns, narrowly clavate, without basal clamp connection; CYSTIDIA numerous, 40-65 x 5-7 microns, projecting 15-30 microns, narrowly cylindric and tapering to acute apex, at first thin-walled and unencrusted, developing thicker walls and encrustation (in apical half, but under microscope top often naked as encrustation falls off easily), very young cystidia containing many oil droplets; HYPHAE monomitic, 2-5 microns wide, thin-walled or in the subiculum walls slightly thickened, clamp connections absent in hymenium and subhymenium but in the subiculum clamp connections often found, sometimes 2 together at one septum, "subhymenial hyphae richly and irregularly branched and densely united", subicular hyphae straight, sparsely branched and mainly horizontally arranged; "in mature specimens crystals richly attached to the hyphae"; in the reddish or orange specimens a yellow substance "occurs between the hyphal elements of the subhymenium and in the hymenium", (Eriksson), SPORES 5-7 x 2.5-3 microns, narrowly elliptic to nearly cylindric, smooth, inamyloid, acyanophilic, colorless, thin-walled; BASIDIA 4-spored, 30-40(45) x 5-5.5 microns, "clavate with a slight constriction below apex", colorless, thin-walled, sterigmata 3.5-4 microns long; CYSTIDIA 60-80(100) x 6-8(10) microns, mostly embedded but some projecting up to 25 microns, heavily encrusted over distal 1/3 to 1/2 by colorless crystals, "in squash mounts crystals frequently breaking away leaving an apparently smooth cystidium, very young cystidia having only a fine granular coating", walls colorless, 1-2(2.5) microns thick in middle and becoming thin-walled at apex and slightly thick-walled at base; HYPHAE monomitic, SUBHYMENIUM not well defined, a loose textura intricata, hyphae 2.5-4 microns wide, colorless, thin-walled, simple-septate, "encrusted irregularly and lightly with small yellow granules that dissolve and turn red in KOH"; SUBICULUM a compact textura intricata, hyphae of lower subiculum 5-9 microns wide, colorless, with walls up to 0.5-1(1.5) microns thick, mostly simple-septate, "with scattered single and rare multiple clamp connections", smooth or encrusted with large colorless crystals, hyphae of upper subiculum 4-7 microns wide, densely branched, slightly thick-walled, colorless, simple-septate, or rarely nodose-septate, "with regularly scattered yellow granules that dissolve and turn red in KOH", (Burdsall)
Notes:
It has been found in BC, WA, OR, ID, MB, NB, NS, ON, PE, PQ, AK, AL, AZ, CA, CT, IL, KY, MA, MD, ME, MI, MN, MO, MT, NC, NE, NH, NJ, NY, SC, TN, TX, VT, and WI, (Ginns). It also occurs in Europe including Switzerland, in Asia, (Breitenbach), in Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden, (Eriksson), and in Czechoslovakia, Estonia, France, Latvia, and Armenia, (Burdsall).

Habitat and Range

SIMILAR SPECIES
Phanerochaete sordida and Phanerochaete velutina can be differentiated on the basis of the shape and number of cystidia and the structure of the subiculum hyphae, (Breitenbach). P. sordida and P. velutina have cystidia that are less narrow and less tapering than in P. affinis, (Eriksson). P. velutina may be similar and like P. affinis has a fibrillose or cordonic margin, but P. velutina 1) is tan to pale tan to brownish red to burgundy (often with a violet tint), whereas P. affinis is usually orange brown to brownish orange, 2) has cystidia mostly greater than 9 microns wide, whereas those of P. affinis are up to 8 microns wide, and 3) usually possesses white cordons, (Burdsall). P. sordida 1) lacks a fibrillose to cordonic margin, 2) is usually less orange than P. affinis, and 3) has a different subiculum: P. affinis has a more compact and somewhat agglutinated subiculum with less rigid-appearing hyphae, whereas P. sordida has a more lattice-like appearance, (Burdsall). |Cylindrobasidium laeve can be macroscopically similar, but is easy to separate microscopically, (Breitenbach).
Habitat
on decayed wood of all kinds, especially Alnus (alder) and Betula (birch), (Eriksson), on dead wood of hardwoods still with bark, especially Fagus (beech); throughout the year, (Breitenbach), bark; slash and woody debris; barkless logs and limbs; causing a white rot; Abies (fir), Acer (maple), Alnus (alder), Betula (birch), Carpinus (hornbeam), Castanea (chestnut), Cornus (dogwood), Corylus (hazel), Crataegus (hawthorn), Fagus (beech), Pinus (pine), Populus, Prunus, Quercus (oak), Salix (willow), Thuja plicata (Western Red-cedar), Ulmus (elm), (Ginns)